Hydrocarbon motor



April 26, 1932; J. G. VINCENT 4 1,855,500

HYDROCARBON MOTOR Filed July 11, 1.921 1 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR:

A ril 26,1932. WN N 1,855,500

HYDROCARBON MOTOR Filed July '1 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 0 50d man IN VEN TOR. x

- WWW. %Z4.W

ATTORNEY.

Patented Apr. 26, :1932

, ism-ran s A Es, ATENT- T JESSE evincmrr, ortnn'rnon, MICHIGANQASSIGNOB TO PAC ARD'ivioronoAn com ran-Y, or DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION or MICHIGAN HYIJBOGABBON Moron l Application-filed July 11,,

: This invention relates to hydrocarbon motors and particularly to the lubrication there of. Y I f Inhydrocarbon motors probably the'most 5 diflicult, as well as the most necessary, parts to lubricate are the cylinder wall and the crank shaft bearings the latter including also the connectingrodbe'aring on'the crank pin Usually the crank shaft bearings are 10 lubricated by oil under pressure and the cylin'derwall is most generally Jlubricated by the oil thrown'from the ends of the connecting rod journal or from oil splashed from the bottom of thecrank case. The piston 1 5 or its rings are depended upon to scrape the excess oil off of the cylinder wallin order thattoo much oil may not'pass the piston. intothe combustion space of the motor.-

Too much oil on the crank shaft bearings is not objectionable but too much oilfed to the cylinder wall is sometimes a serious detriment particularly if the pistonor rings, or both, are worn. Oil under high pressure, therefore, is usually depended upon to lubricate the; crank shaftfibearingsand the passage from the conduitin the "crank shaftto the bearing surfaces ofzthevcrank shaftis usually directed, either I radially outward a from the axis of the crankshaft or in some instances to that part of the bearing which receives the greatest load.

"With suchomeans' as above described for feeding oil'to the crank shaft'bearings, or where splash is depended'upon forgetting oil to the cylinder walls, it'is evidentthat the amount ofoil supplied to the cylinder walls will'dep'end very largely upon either the fit of the crank shaft ,bearings orthe amount of oil in the crank case and the con- 40 sequence isthat over-lubrication of the cylinder wall results from a worn motor or from an over-full crank case. V

' One of the objects of the present invention is to provideuniform lubrication for the cylinder wall practically regar-dless'o'f the fit of the connectingrod or crankshaft bearings. v

-Another object-0f the invention is to provide means for deflecting the greater part or all'of the oil thrownfrom' the vcrankshaft ot the motor;

through themotor shown in Fig;

ablecover 22;

1921. Serial No. 4 3,719., I j r bearings 'away from the cylinder wall and thensupply a' given quantity of oil to the'cylinderswall foritslubrication Another object of the invention is to provide V lubrication means for the crank haft bearings 'solthat the oilflfnay be fedi'to the 'regionwhich is not loaded, or is loaded toa minimum, "through the cycle off'operation Another object ofthein'vention is to providel an oil'feed passage to that part'offth'e fragk pin bearing which carries the minimum 0a. V '1, 1 5 Other objects ofthe inventionwillappear 5 from the following descriptiontaken incon- "b5 nection with the drawings which 'form a part of this specification and in which Fig. 1' is a vertical longitudinal sectional- View through the forward part'ofhydro'carbo'n motor embodying'this'invention;

Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section 1,fsu'bstan- I tiallyontheline 2-2 oit Fig. 1; l f

fFig. 3' is an enlarged det 'il viewlof' the connecting rod and crank pinbearing, and

Fig" 4:" is a diagram showing theldistribution of'pressure on the crank-pin ofthe'm'o V tor shown in Figs.:1 and 2, througlrthefcycle of operation of the motor under typical; load and speed conditions, '7 so Referring to the drawings, l0frepresents the crank case or support .ofsa hydrocarbon motor. Thelower' part ll of the crankcasevformsan oil well and an oil pump 12 -islocated in this well,- preferably below ithe screen 13, through which the oil drains The pum 12is adaptedito be operatedb'y anysuita le'vmovingpart of the motor and' lis connected to a supply pipel i which thereby Supplies oil, under pressure to thefvarious to parts of the motor to be lubricated. f

A crank shaft 15 is supported in the crank case in a series of main bearings 16, 17f.ani1 '18. On the front end of the crankshaft, as shown'in Fig. 1, is a gear or sprocket'19' by which the cam shaft "20, Fig.2, m ayfbe driven, and in line with the crankshaft is] a starting'shaftfil. ,f The front end ofthe crank case is accessible by det ching iremo vi terior of the crank shaft and from there it is led through other radial passages 29 to the crank pin-bearings 30, which latter pas- V sages will be hereinafter particularly referred to. V I

Mounted upon the crank case 10 is a cylinder block 31. The motor illustrated is a six cylindermotor, the two or three forward cylinders only being shown, but it will be understood that the invention is applicable to any number of cylinders. .One of the motor valves isshown at 32 andthevalve operating mechanism includes the springs 33, a push rod 34 and a rocker arm 35 which is operated byv the cam shaft '20'abov'e referred to.

' Mounted in the cylinder 31 is a piston 36,.

and a connecting rod 37 has'its small end pivoted to the piston as at 38 and its large end'journalled on the crank pin 39 0f the crank shaft. The'bearing 30 above referred to surrounds the crank pin 39 and is supplied with lubricant under pressure through the radial'passa-ge 29 "above described.

Of course the oil fed to the bearing 30 will leak out at the ends of the bearing and'the centrifugal force of the crank shaft in operation would throw some of this oil into the cylinder 31 and against the wall thereof were it not for bafile plates 40, shown in Figures 1 and 2. These bafiles are secured to suitable parts-41 of the: crank case, as by bolts .42,

and they extend in an are above the path of travel of the crank pin 39 so that they catch and deflect the oil issuing from the ends of thebearing 30. There is just room enough with good clearance between these baffles for the connecting rod 37 to operate. Inorder that the'cylinder may be supplied with the correct amount of oil 'and'not be dependent upon the fit of the connecting rod bearings, means are formed in the connecting rod for supplying, oil directly from the bear- 9 ing 30 to the cylinderwall. This means comprises a diagonally extending opening 43 as j V shown in-Fig. 2, and'a groove 44 extends partly around the bearing and registersv with the passage 29 when the crank pin is in its highest position. Thus the opening or port 43 will be supplied with oil under pressure and will throw or project the oil into the cylinder 31 and against the wall thereof, and the quantity of oilthus suppliedto th-ecylwill depend on the size of the the'pressure of the oil. The size of the port 43 and the length of the groove 44 will, of

of the drawings too much oil may be supplied to the valve operating mechanism and leakage of oil around the detachable covers thereof may result. In such case, the port 43 may be arranged as shown in Fig. 3, that is on the other sideof the connecting rod. In the first instance the oil will be projected directly against that side of the cylinder Wall which receives the greatest thrust on the working stroke, but in the construction shown in Fig. 3 the oilwill be thrown out centrifuga-lly' so thatlwhile the greater part of it is probably projected against'the righthand side of the cylinder wall, yet suflicient oil is also supplied to the other side and plenty of lubrication results without at the same time over-lubricating the valve mechanism.

that this, passage-is arranged substantially at 45 leading from the vertical, that is with the motor turning in the direction indicated by the arrow 00. In this position the oil is fed to the connecting rod bearing on the crank pin in the region which is not loaded during any part of the cycle of operation of the motor, which region changes under certain load and speed conditions and consequently the oil is better able 'to get into the bearing. I

The theory of this arrangement of the. radial passage 29, being opposed to priorpractice, will be briefly described and in doing so, consideration will first be given to the action of a plain bearing. When a shaft carrying loads in one direction only is mounted in a plain bearing and is at rest, the theoand the shaft or journal lies on the line of the center ofgravity of the load. As'the shaft rotates, this point of contact moves out from the line of resultant load'to a new po sition. Due to adhesion between the lubricant and the bearing surfaces, an oil wedge is formed which tends to travel in the direction of the shaft rotation and to force itself between the bearing and shaft at the point of contact. The film of oil builds up at this point, the bearing surfaces becoming separated, and this becomes the area of greatest pressure in the bearing. If the oil feed passage terminated at this point and insufficient pressure were supplied, that is any pressure less than that existing in this region, oil would flow out of ratherthan into the hearing and consequently metallic contact would occur. Very high pressure therefore would be necessary to successfully feed oil under Returning to the arrangement the radial it has been found that in certain other regions of the bearmg very low pressures exist,

in fact suction frequently exists at the point of minimum pressure and lubricant even at l atmospheric pressure when introduced at f p er stroke :in which the -gas pressure on: the

this point will flow readily into the bearing. The connecting rod bearing which we are considering, however, differs slightly in its movement from the plain bearing above described, and the character of the forces acting upon it are such that the magnitude and direction of load are constantly changing with respect to the bearing. Such a bearing is subjected to the action of three im-.

portant forces; these being the gas pressure on the piston as transmitted through, the connecting rod, the inertia forces which arise from the changing velocity of the reciprocating parts, and the centrifugal forces due to the rotation of the large end of the con necting rod. The load on the bearing is the combined pressure or resultant of these forces and it varies considerably under certain conditions of engine load and speed. Thus if.

the engine is developing its maximum power at 'a low speed, the gas pressure is probably the predominatlng force and will most large:

ly affect the direction and amount of the re- ,sultant load. If the engine power is low-' ered, or held constant and the speed increased, then the centrifugal and inertia forces both increase and become the controlling factors, modifying the resultant load whichv changes accordingly in direction or amount, or both. Consequently the point of contact or the region of highest pressure does not remain fixed on the bearing surface but is constantly changing. Theoretically, to maintain the same conditions as for an ordinary plainv bearing the terminal of the oil hole would have to move with the movement of the region of high pressure but from a practical standpoint this is not necessary and the oil may be introduced under reasonable pressure #5 at a given point in the low pressure area and itwill flow readily to the bearing and quickly and adequately establish the necessary oil Exhaustive tests to determine the pressure i distribution on the crank pin of a motor such as that shown in this application have been made and the diagram shown in Fig. 4 subi tion on the crank-pin during a complete cycle of the engine or two revolutions of the crankshaft, and is constructed by determining the.

resultant loads relative to the crank-pin axis for each of crank travel duringthe complete cycle of 720. Vectors representing these loads are laid off from an origin representing the crank-pin axis, giving the respec- ':.tive' points numberedl to24 on the diagram; :thusthe-lines y connecting? these points -inr dicate both the direction and: the magnitude of the load pressures which-they represent. Points lito'6- represent the'explosion orspowstroke,in which piston pressure is again of a considerable magnitude. A curve through these points is the locus of combined or resultant pressure through the engine cycle, and it will be evident from this curve that the" pressure is distributed over a portion of the area of the bearing surface, leaving a portion of the area which is unloaded," or-only slightly loaded, at-alltimes. This area is referred to as the minimum pressure area of the bearing. p The general disposition of thisarea'on diagrams such as Fig. 4: varies considerably with engine speed and load, as previouslv explained, and the area of maximum pressure gradually moves away from'the upper side in a counter clock-wise direction aroundthe crank-pin as the engine speed isincreased. There is, however, always an area of minimum pressure, and this area is always somewhat in advance of the connecting rodaxis in a leading direction with respect to crank rotation, as indicated by the arrow 00, or at theright'of Fig; 4. Then by arrangingthe passage or opening 29 at substantially from the vertical in a leading direction, it will always communicate with the minimum pressure area. -T his permits oil to be readily introduced to the bearing at comparatively low pressure and it will be readily car ried to the. area of high pressure and distributed thereto in the form of athin wedge in the manner described.

Other forms of the device may be made without departing from' the spirit or scope of the invention and it will be understood that the form shown in thedrawings is illustrative only.

I claim and desire to secure by Letters Pat out is:

1. In a hydrocarbon motor, the combinationwith the crank case, the crankshaft therein, the cylinder, and the connecting rod journalled on the crank pin, said crank pin having an oil passage extending to that part of the journal surface which is not loaded throughout the cycle of operation of the motor, of means for directing oil from the bearing to the cylinder wall. j a 2. In a hydrocarbon motor, the combinationwith the crank case, the crank shaft therein, the cylinder and the connecting rod journalled on the crank pin, said crank pin Having thus described my invention, what of the journal surfacewhich is notloaded throughout the cycle of operation of the I meter, of means in the connecting rod for leading oilfr'o'm said journal during part of ChIGVOhIfiOIlOf the crank shaft to a point Where it can be directed against the cylinder "Wall; .7

' In-testimo-ny whereof I affix lily-signature.

' J ESSE G. VINCENT. 

